Deploying Prow

This document will walk you through deploying your own Prow instance to a new Kubernetes cluster. If you encounter difficulties, please open an issue so that we can make this process easier.

Prow runs in any kubernetes cluster. The guide below is focused on Google Kubernetes Engine but should work on any kubernetes distro with no/minimal changes.

GitHub App

First, you need to create a GitHub app. GitHub itself documents this. Initially, it is sufficient to set a dummy url for the Webhook. The exact set of permissions needed varies based on what functionality you use. Below is a minimum set of permissions needed. Please keep in mind that any changes to the permissions your app requests (both added and removed) require everyone to re-install it.

Repository permissions:

  • Actions: Read-Only (Only needed when using the merge automation tide)
  • Administration: Read-Only (Required to fetch teams and collaborators, Read & write needed when using branch protection automation)
  • Checks: Read-Only (Only needed when using the merge automation tide)
  • Commit statuses: Read & write
  • Contents: Read (Read & write needed when using the merge automation tide)
  • Issues: Read & write
  • Metadata: Read-Only
  • Pull Requests: Read & write
  • Projects: Admin when using the projects plugin, none otherwise

Organization permissions:

  • Members: Read-Only (Read & write when using peribolos)
  • Projects: Admin when using the projects plugin, none otherwise

In Subscribe to events select all events.

After you saved the app, click “Generate Private Key” on the bottom and save the private key together with the App ID in the top of the page.

Deploying prow

Prow runs in a kubernetes cluster, so first figure out which cluster you want to deploy prow into. If you already have a cluster created you can skip to the Create cluster role bindings step.

Create the cluster

You can use the GCP cloud console to set up a project and create a new Kubernetes Engine cluster.

I’m assuming that PROJECT and ZONE environment variables are set, if you are using GCP. Skip this step if you are using another service to host your Kubernetes cluster.

$ export PROJECT=your-project
$ export ZONE=us-west1-a

Run the following to create the cluster. This will also set up kubectl to point to the new cluster on GCP.

$ gcloud container --project "${PROJECT}" clusters create prow \
  --zone "${ZONE}" --machine-type n1-standard-4 --num-nodes 2

Create cluster role bindings

As of 1.8 Kubernetes uses Role-Based Access Control (“RBAC”) to drive authorization decisions, allowing cluster-admin to dynamically configure policies. To create cluster resources you need to grant a user cluster-admin role in all namespaces for the cluster.

For Prow on GCP, you can use the following command.

$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-admin-binding \
  --clusterrole cluster-admin --user $(gcloud config get-value account)

For Prow on other platforms, the following command will likely work.

$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-admin-binding-"${USER}" \
  --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user="${USER}"

On some platforms the USER variable may not map correctly to the user in-cluster. If you see an error of the following form, this is likely the case.

Error from server (Forbidden): error when creating
"config/prow/cluster/starter/starter-gcs.yaml": roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "<account>" is
forbidden: attempt to grant extra privileges:
[PolicyRule{Resources:["pods/log"], APIGroups:[""], Verbs:["get"]}
PolicyRule{Resources:["prowjobs"], APIGroups:["prow.k8s.io"], Verbs:["get"]}
APIGroups:["prow.k8s.io"], Verbs:["list"]}] user=&{<CLUSTER_USER>
[system:authenticated] map[]}...

Run the previous command substituting USER with CLUSTER_USER from the error message above to solve this issue.

$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-admin-binding-"<CLUSTER_USER>" \
  --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user="<CLUSTER_USER>"

There are relevant docs on Kubernetes Authentication that may help if neither of the above work.

Create the namespace

Kubernetes objects that are required for Prow will be created and Prow will be deployed in the prow namespace of the cluster. Create the namespace before you proceed further.

$ kubectl create namespace prow

Create the GitHub secrets

You will need two secrets to talk to GitHub. The hmac-token is the token that you give to GitHub for validating webhooks. Generate it using any reasonable randomness-generator, eg openssl rand -hex 20.

$ openssl rand -hex 20 > /path/to/hook/secret
$ kubectl create secret -n prow generic hmac-token --from-file=hmac=/path/to/hook/secret

Afterwards, edit your GitHub app and set Webhook secret to the value of /path/to/hook/secret.

The github-token is the RSA private key and app id you created above for the GitHub App.

kubectl create secret -n prow generic github-token --from-file=cert=/path/to/github/cert --from-literal=appid=<<The ID of your app>>

Update the sample manifest

There are three sample manifests to get you started:

  • starter-s3.yaml sets up a minio as blob storage for logs and is particularly well suited to quickly get something working. NOTE: this method requires 2 PVs of 100Gi each.
  • starter-gcs.yaml uses GCS as blob storage and requires additional configuration to set up the bucket and ServiceAccounts. See this for details.
  • starter-azure.yaml uses Azure as blob storage and requires MinIO deployment. See this for details.

Note: It will deploy prow in the prow namespace of the cluster.

Regardless of which object storage you choose, the below adjustments are always needed:

  • The GitHub app cert by replacing the $GITHUB_TOKEN string
  • The GitHub app id by replacing the $GITHUB_APP_ID string
  • The hmac token by replacing the $HMAC_TOKEN string
  • The domain by replacing the $PROW_HOST string
  • Optionally, you can update the cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: annotation if you use cert-manager
  • Your GitHub organization(s) by replacing the $GITHUB_ORG string

Add the prow components to the cluster

First you need to create the ProwJob custom resource:

kubectl apply --server-side=true -f config/prow/cluster/prowjob-crd/prowjob_customresourcedefinition.yaml

Apply the manifest you edited above by executing one of the following three commands:

  • kubectl apply -f config/prow/cluster/starter/starter-s3.yaml
  • kubectl apply -f config/prow/cluster/starter/starter-gcs.yaml
  • kubectl apply -f config/prow/cluster/starter/starter-azure.yaml

Note that some of the values, such as $GITHUB_TOKEN, are sensitive and should not be checked in version control; instead, you can e.g. assign them to environments variables and substitute dynamically:

export GITHUB_TOKEN=<your GitHub token>
...
envsubst < starter-azure.yaml | kubectl apply -f -

After a moment, the cluster components will be running.

$ kubectl get pods -n prow
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
crier-69b6bd8f48-6sg24                     1/1     Running   0          9m54s
deck-7f6867c46c-j7nnh                      1/1     Running   0          2m5s
deck-7f6867c46c-mkxzk                      1/1     Running   0          2m5s
ghproxy-fdd45dfb6-582fh                    1/1     Running   0          9m54s
hook-7cc4df66f7-r2qpl                      1/1     Running   1          9m53s
hook-7cc4df66f7-shnjq                      1/1     Running   1          9m53s
horologium-7976c7f597-ss86t                1/1     Running   0          9m53s
minio-d756b6477-d4w4k                      1/1     Running   0          9m53s
prow-controller-manager-657767bb69-5qzhp   1/1     Running   0          9m53s
sinker-8b645d469-jjw8r                     1/1     Running   0          9m53s
statusreconciler-669697d466-zqfsj          1/1     Running   0          3m11s
tide-65489c49b8-rpnn2                      1/1     Running   0          3m2s

Get ingress IP address

Find out your external address. It might take a couple of minutes for the IP to show up.

kubectl get ingress -n prow prow
NAME   CLASS    HOSTS                     ADDRESS               	PORTS     AGE
prow   <none>   prow.<<your-domain.com>>   an.ip.addr.ess          80, 443   22d

Go to that address in a web browser and verify that the “echo-test” job has a green check-mark next to it. At this point you have a prow cluster that is ready to start receiving GitHub events!

Add the webhook to GitHub

To set up the webhook, you have to go the GitHub UI and edit your app. Update the Webhook URL property to https://prow.<<your-domain.com>>/hook. Use the URL shown above when getting the Ingress and fill in the Webhook secret using the value in the hmac-token secret created earlier.

Install Prow for a GitHub organization or repo

To install Prow for an org or repo, go to your GitHub app -> Install app and select the organizations to install the app in. If you want to install the app in other accounts than the one that created it, you need to make it public. To do so, go to Advanced -> Make this GitHub app public. After it is public, everyone can install it (Prow will not do anything for orgs or repos it doesn’t have configuration for though).

Deploying with GitHub Enterprise

When using GitHub Enterprise (GHE), Prow must be configured slightly differently. It’s possible to run GHE with or without the api subdomain:

  • with the api subdomain the endpoints are:
    • v3: https://api.<<github-hostname>>
    • graphql: https://api.<<github-hostname>>/graphql
  • without the api subdomain the endpoints are:
    • v3: https://<<github-hostname>>/api/v3
    • graphql: https://<<github-hostname>>/api/graphql

Prow component configuration:

  • ghproxy:

    • configure arg: --upstream=<<v3-endpoint>>
    • the ghproxy will not be able to proxy graphql requests when GHE is not using the api subdomain (because it tries to use the wrong context path for graphql)

  • crier, deck, hook, status-reconciler, tide, prow-controller-manager:

    • configure args:
      • --github-endpoint=http://ghproxy
      • --github-endpoint=<<v3-endpoint>>
      • with api subdomain:
        • --github-graphql-endpoint=http://ghproxy/graphql
      • without api subdomain:
        • --github-graphql-endpoint=<<graphql-endpoint>>

  • deck, hook, tide, prow-controller-manager:

    • configure arg: --github-host=<<github-hostname>>

Prow global configuration (config.yaml):

  • configure github.link_url: "https://<<github-hostname>>"

ProwJob configuration:

  • ensure that clone_uri and path_alias are always set:
    • clone_uri: https://<<github-hostname>>/<<org>>/<<repo>>.git
    • path_alias: <<github-hostname>>/<<org>>/<<repo>>
  • it might be necessary to configure plank.default_decoration_config_entries[].ssh_host_fingerprints

Next Steps

You now have a working Prow cluster (Woohoo!), but it isn’t doing anything interesting yet. This section will help you complete any additional setup that your instance may need.

Configure an Azure blob storage

If you want to persist logs and output in Azure, you need to follow the steps below.

By default, Prow doesn’t support Azure blob storage for storing job metadata, logs, and artifacts. However, with MinIO it is possible to keep artifacts in Azure blob storage as one would in GCS or S3. MinIO Gateway adds Amazon S3 compatibility to Azure Blob Storage. As such, we can mimic S3 storage for Prow, while actually pushing artifacts to the Azure storage.

MinIO gateway was deprecated in February 2022 and was removed after the RELEASE.2022-04-29T01-27-09Z release. MinIO gateway for Azure was still functinal as of December 2024 using this release but may stop working in the future.

To run MinIO in gateway mode with Azure being the backend storage, we need to pass the following arguments to MinIO deployment:

  - name: minio
    image: minio/minio:RELEASE.2022-04-29T01-27-09Z
    args:
    - gateway # mode of MinIO
    - azure # storage provider
    - --console-address=:"<<CHANGE_ME_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT>>" # predictable port number of the web console. E.g. 33333

In order to configure the Azure storage, follow the following steps:

  1. create a storage account.
  2. update MinIO deployment and s3-credential Secret with your Azure BlobStorage account name and key.
  3. update MinIO deployment and minio-console with your desired port number for accessing its web-console. minio-console service is optional and only necessary if you plan to access MinIO web-console.
  4. create the following containers in your Azure BlobStorage account where Prow will push various artifacts:
    • prow-logs
    • status-reconciler
    • tide
  5. apply starter-azure.yaml.

Configure a GCS bucket

If you want to persist logs and output in GCS, you need to follow the steps below.

When configuring Prow jobs to use the Pod utilities with decorate: true, job metadata, logs, and artifacts will be uploaded to a GCS bucket in order to persist results from tests and allow for the job overview page to load those results at a later point. In order to run these jobs, it is required to set up a GCS bucket for job outputs. If your Prow deployment is targeted at an open source community, it is strongly suggested to make this bucket world-readable.

In order to configure the bucket, follow the following steps:

  1. provision a new service account for interaction with the bucket
  2. create the bucket
  3. (optionally) expose the bucket contents to the world
  4. grant access to admin the bucket for the service account
  • Either use a Kubernetes service account bound to the GCP service account (recommended on GKE):
    1. Create a Kubernetes service account in the namespace where jobs will run.
    2. Bind the Kubernetes service account to the GCP service account.
    3. edit the plank configuration for default_decoration_config_entries[].config.default_service_account_name to point to the Kubernetes service account.
  • OR use a GCP service account key file:
    1. serialize a key for the service account
    2. upload the key to a Secret under the service-account.json key
    3. edit the plank configuration for default_decoration_config_entries[].config.gcs_credentials_secret to point to the Secret above

After downloading the gcloud tool and authenticating, the following collection of commands will execute the above steps for you:

You will need to change the bucket name from gs://your-bucket-name/ to a globally unique one and use that instead in starter-gcs.yaml too.

$ gcloud iam service-accounts create prow-gcs-publisher
$ identifier="$(gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter 'name:prow-gcs-publisher' --format 'value(email)')"
$ gsutil mb gs://your-bucket-name/ # step 2
$ gsutil iam ch allUsers:objectViewer gs://your-bucket-name # step 3
$ gsutil iam ch "serviceAccount:${identifier}:objectAdmin" gs://your-bucket-name # step 4
$ gcloud iam service-accounts keys create --iam-account "${identifier}" service-account.json # step 5
$ kubectl -n test-pods create secret generic gcs-credentials --from-file=service-account.json # step 6
$ kubectl -n prow create secret generic gcs-credentials --from-file=service-account.json # this secret is also needed by deployments in the prow namespace

Configure the version of plank’s utility images

Before we can update plank’s default_decoration_config_entries[] we’ll need to retrieve the version of plank. Check the deployment file or use the following:

$ kubectl get pod -n prow -l app=plank -o jsonpath='{.items[0].spec.containers[0].image}' | cut -d: -f2
v20191108-08fbf64ac

Then, we can use that tag to retrieve the corresponding utility images in default_decoration_config_entries[] in config.yaml:

For more information on how the pod utility images for prow are versioned see generic-autobumper and the autobump config used for prow.k8s.io

plank:
  default_decoration_config_entries:
  - config:
      utility_images: # using the tag we identified above
        clonerefs: "gcr.io/k8s-prow/clonerefs:v20191108-08fbf64ac"
        initupload: "gcr.io/k8s-prow/initupload:v20191108-08fbf64ac"
        entrypoint: "gcr.io/k8s-prow/entrypoint:v20191108-08fbf64ac"
        sidecar: "gcr.io/k8s-prow/sidecar:v20191108-08fbf64ac"
      gcs_configuration:
        bucket: prow-artifacts # the bucket we just made
        path_strategy: explicit
      gcs_credentials_secret: gcs-credentials # the secret we just made

Adding more jobs

There are two ways to configure jobs:

  • Using the inrepoconfig feature to configure jobs inside the repo under test
  • Using the static config by editing the config configmap, some samples below:

Add the following to config.yaml:

periodics:
- interval: 10m
  name: echo-test
  decorate: true
  spec:
    containers:
    - image: alpine
      command: ["/bin/date"]
postsubmits:
  YOUR_ORG/YOUR_REPO:
  - name: test-postsubmit
    decorate: true
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: alpine
        command: ["/bin/printenv"]
presubmits:
  YOUR_ORG/YOUR_REPO:
  - name: test-presubmit
    decorate: true
    always_run: true
    skip_report: true
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: alpine
        command: ["/bin/printenv"]

Again, run the following to test the files, replacing the paths as necessary:

$ go run ./cmd/checkconfig --plugin-config=path/to/plugins.yaml --config-path=path/to/config.yaml

Now run the following to update the configmap.

$ kubectl create configmap -n prow config \
  --from-file=config.yaml=path/to/config.yaml --dry-run=server -o yaml | kubectl replace configmap -n prow config -f -

We create a make rule:

update-config: get-cluster-credentials
    kubectl create configmap -n prow config --from-file=config.yaml=config.yaml --dry-run=server -o yaml | kubectl replace configmap -n prow config -f -

Presubmits and postsubmits are triggered by the trigger plugin. Be sure to enable that plugin by adding it to the list you created in the last section.

Now when you open a PR it will automatically run the presubmit that you added to this file. You can see it on your prow dashboard. Once you are happy that it is stable, switch skip_report in the above config.yaml to false. Then, it will post a status on the PR. When you make a change to the config and push it with make update-config, you do not need to redeploy any of your cluster components. They will pick up the change within a few minutes.

When you push or merge a new change to the git repo, the postsubmit job will run.

For more information on the job environment, see jobs.md

Run test pods in different clusters

You may choose to run test pods in a separate cluster entirely. This is a good practice to keep testing isolated from Prow’s service components and secrets. It can also be used to furcate job execution to different clusters. One can use a Kubernetes kubeconfig file (i.e. Config object) to instruct Prow components to use the build cluster(s). All contexts in kubeconfig are used as build clusters and the InClusterConfig (or current-context) is the default.

NOTE: See the create-build-cluster.sh script to help you quickly create and register a GKE cluster as a build cluster for a Prow instance. Continue reading for information about registering a build cluster by hand.

Create a secret containing a kubeconfig like this:

apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- name: default
  cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: fake-ca-data-default
    server: https://1.2.3.4
- name: other
  cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: fake-ca-data-other
    server: https://5.6.7.8
contexts:
- name: default
  context:
    cluster: default
    user: default
- name: other
  context:
    cluster: other
    user: other
current-context: default
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: default
  user:
    token: fake-token-default
- name: other
  user:
    token: fake-token-other

Use gencred to create the kubeconfig file (and credentials) for accessing the cluster(s):

NOTE: gencred will merge new entries to the specified output file on successive invocations by default .

Create a default cluster context (if one does not already exist):

NOTE: If executing gencred like below, ensure --output is an absolute path.

$ go run ./gencred \
  --context=<kube-context> \
  --name=default \
  --output=/tmp/kubeconfig.yaml \
  --serviceaccount

Create one or more build cluster contexts:

NOTE: the current-context of the existing kubeconfig will be preserved.

$ go run ./gencred \
  --context=<kube-context> \
  --name=other \
  --output=/tmp/kubeconfig.yaml \
  --serviceaccount

Create a secret containing the kubeconfig.yaml in the cluster:

$ kubectl --context=<kube-context> create secret generic kubeconfig --from-file=config=/tmp/kubeconfig.yaml

Mount this secret into the prow components that need it (at minimum: plank, sinker and deck) and set the --kubeconfig flag to the location you mount it at. For instance, you will need to merge the following into the plank deployment:

spec:
  containers:
  - name: plank
    args:
    - --kubeconfig=/etc/kubeconfig/config # basename matches --from-file key
    volumeMounts:
    - name: kubeconfig
      mountPath: /etc/kubeconfig
      readOnly: true
  volumes:
  - name: kubeconfig
    secret:
      defaultMode: 0644
      secretName: kubeconfig # example above contains a `config` key

Configure jobs to use the non-default cluster with the cluster: field. The above example kubeconfig.yaml defines two clusters: default and other to schedule jobs, which we can use as follows:

periodics:
- name: cluster-unspecified
  # cluster:
  interval: 10m
  decorate: true
  spec:
    containers:
    - image: alpine
      command: ["/bin/date"]
- name: cluster-default
  cluster: default
  interval: 10m
  decorate: true
  spec:
    containers:
    - image: alpine
      command: ["/bin/date"]
- name: cluster-other
  cluster: other
  interval: 10m
  decorate: true
  spec:
    containers:
    - image: alpine
      command: ["/bin/date"]

This results in:

  • The cluster-unspecified and cluster-default jobs run in the default cluster.
  • The cluster-other job runs in the other cluster.

See gencred for more details about how to create/update kubeconfig.yaml.

Enable merge automation using Tide

PRs satisfying a set of predefined criteria can be configured to be automatically merged by Tide.

Tide can be enabled by modifying config.yaml. See how to configure tide for more details.

Set up GitHub OAuth

GitHub Oauth is required for PR Status and for the rerun button on Prow Status. To enable these features, follow the instructions in How to setup GitHub Oauth.

Configure SSL

Use cert-manager for automatic LetsEncrypt integration. If you already have a cert then follow the official docs to set up HTTPS termination. Promote your ingress IP to static IP. On GKE, run:

$ gcloud compute addresses create [ADDRESS_NAME] --addresses [IP_ADDRESS] --region [REGION]

Point the DNS record for your domain to point at that ingress IP. The convention for naming is prow.org.io, but of course that’s not a requirement.

Then, install cert-manager as described in its readme. You don’t need to run it in a separate namespace.

Further reading


Last modified December 9, 2024: MinIO for Azure deprecation deployment warning + pinning LKG release (4f82c6834)